Expansion of the United States during President Jefferson...

With Immigration, relatively cheap land, and Tobacco, the West was a great place to expand on however President Jefferson and President Polk approached this in fairly different ways while both contributing to strengthening the United States. Great treaties and compromises signed by both will be forever recognized in history to the help of expanded our country. Jefferson conducted one of the largest territory gains in United States history with the Louisiana Purchase. Louisiana was France territory, originally from Spain; and Napoleon was already eager to sell because his empire was expanding and needed money, especially from the loss at Santo Domingo. France did not want Britain to take Louisiana because they controlled the seas.†¦show more content†¦The Oregon Fever was one of many great expansions from Polk. Polk concluded that he wanted to buy Texas and California from the Mexicans, which was hard because they wouldn’t give up parts of their countries unless by force. Polk began by offering 25 million dollars but this plan as expected, failed. His next solution was to take it by force, so he sent his army to the border of the Rio Grande River to wait for the Mexicans. Rumors of the British wanting to buy California caused him to rush the purchase. After his army built up over a short period of time, shots were fired on April 25th, 1846. With better generals, a bigger army, and better artillery the Americans won the battle. In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the war was officially brought to an end. With defeat to their army and their capital being taken over, the Mexicans essentially surrendered to the Americans and granted them California and Texas as well as some more land for a total of 18 million dollars with the claims of citizens and property damage. This gain was a major development in the United States and really satisfied the Manifest Destiny which was the desire to increase in size. The efforts of Jefferson and Polk helped our country domestically by increasing the actual physical size of the United States. Jefferson in particular with the Louisiana Purchase aided the country economically releasing fresh new economic breaks, and Polk did as well with California because in 1848 Gold wasShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny, By John O Sullivan1277 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan expanding little by little into the interior. Certainly, from the 18th century Americans had come to believe that is was their right, and in fact their duty to bring Christianity and republicanism into the uninhabited western areas of the United States. Of course, what these expansionists did not take into consideration, was that the regions they were expanding into were inhabited by Indians, French, and Spanish speaking peoples. The land was only ‘uninhabited† by English-speaking white peopleRead MoreAmerican Visions of Foreign Policy, 1750-19132300 Words   |  9 PagesPolicy 1750-1 913 Introduction The United States has been, from its inception, a country that was interested in expansion and of growing its influence abroad. The original administration, that of George Washington, contained a member of the cabinet who is said to be the progenitor of American foreign policy, Alexander Hamilton. Throughout the years others Jefferson, Quincy Adams, Polk, Teddy Roosevelt have led the country based on a vision for expansion and diplomacy that set the table furtherRead MoreAn Exercise Of American Imperialism1381 Words   |  6 Pagespresidency, James K. Polk made a promise to the American people to honor Manifest Destiny, expanding the territory of the United States to the Pacific Ocean. Polk was blinded by his tunnel vision, and was more than willing to pay the cost of thousands of Mexican lives (over twice as many as Americans) in pursuit of his goal. The Mexican government was weak, so, Polk took advantage by sending representatives to monitor, what he considered, the borders betw een their nations. Polk was aware that thisRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John C. Sullivan1556 Words   |  7 Pages1. (Intro) since July 4th 1776 the great country we call the United States has been growing. It started small; just a few immigrants seeking a new world for religious freedoms, and has grown into a world power. It was not an easy journey though, our country experienced many struggles along the way: political disagreements over land, wars, Indian, and technological blocks. As a country we have been very resourceful; throughout history we have come together, explored new land, made monumentalRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1200 Words   |  5 Pages The progress of expansion in the United States is one filled with complicated, complex, and irrational decisions. Geographically, North America changed dramatically by having the landmass grow, through discovery, by at least doubling what it was before. The European discovery of North America, the Mississippi an shatter zone, Louisiana Purchase, and the Mexican-American war are all historical events that changed the path and future of America dramatically, through the making of controversial decisionsRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk1257 Words   |  6 PagesS. History 16 March 2016 Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny is the belief during the 19th century, that the United States of America not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped to fuel the war with Mexico and the removal of Indians from the United States. The American people and government lived by this belief. Manifest Destiny had many good results like the expansion of the American territory. It also had many poor results like the killingRead MoreFirst 15 Presidents of the United States1586 Words   |  7 Pages15 Presidents of the United States By Halie Endicott George Washington July 1, 1789 - March 4, 1797 6 years 4 months While Washington was president in†¦.. * 1789 the Judiciary Act specified number of Federal Courts and judges. * 1790 the Supreme Court met for the first time, Rhode Island ratifies the constitution and becomes the 13th state. * 1791 the Bank Act established a national banking system, and the Bill of Rights ratified and took effect, Vermont becomes 14th state. Read MoreHistory And Its Impact On America1289 Words   |  6 Pages Colonial Friction). These taxes later led to the colonies wanting to free themselves from the British. The Declaration of Independence was a document that Americans wrote to declare their independence from England (Jefferson). This document was written mainly by Thomas Jefferson On July 4th, 1776 all fifty six delegates signed the Declaration of Independence which declared themselves a new nation. (Surber). The Declaration of Independence was the first time in history at that point that the AmericansRead MoreEssay about Territorial Expansion 1800-18501104 Words   |  5 Pagesbattles and prosperity. Territorial expansion was a cause in most of the battles, but also gained prosperity for the nation. There were many impacts on national unity between those time periods, but the main impact was territorial expansion. This is true because of the Louisiana Purchase, the purchase of Oregon territory, and the Mexican W ar. The Louisiana Purchase was the most important event of President Thomas Jeffersons first AdministrationRead MoreMoving West And Beyond : How The Corps Of Discovery Shaped Manifest Destiny3198 Words   |  13 PagesAnthony Tirone Mr. Campbell AP United States History 9 March 2015 Moving West and Beyond: How the Corps of Discovery Shaped Manifest Destiny Beginning in the early 1800s manifest destiny had no single root or cause, but became over time, a mindset which propelled the westward expansion of America. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the expansion of the United States throughout the continent of North America was both justified and inevitable. The actual term â€Å"Manifest destiny† was not coined

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Romance Conventions Essay

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Romance Conventions In Chrà ©tien de Troyes’ Yvain, Calogrenant relates his ‘adventure’ in Broceliande. He meets a monstrous herdsman in a forest, who asks who Calogrenant is: â€Å"‘I am, as you see, a knight looking for something I’m unable to find: I’ve sought long and can find nothing.’ – ‘And what would you want to find? – ‘Some adventure, to put my prowess and courage to the proof.† As John Stevens observes, these lines â€Å"could serve almost as a classic definition of chivalric romance.† The first part of Calogrenant’s answer could have come from the mouth of Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, as he searches for the Green Chapel to fulfil his pact with the Green Knight. However, the latter†¦show more content†¦The events of the poem begin with a feast in the court of King Arthur at New Year which the Green Knight interrupts to offer his challenge. King Arthur’s custom is to not sit down to eat until either someone has told a story about â€Å"sum aduenturus à ¾yng†(l. 93) or if such an event actually occurs, which follows the Gawain-poet’s source of the First Continuation of Chrà ©tien de Troyes’ Perceval . King Arthur thus symbolically invites the Green Knight into the court as providing the adventure he was waiting for, so that the Green Knight â€Å"does not disrupt the courtly ceremonial so mu ch as complete it.† However, the Gawain-poet deviates from his source by having King Arthur accept the Green Knight’s challenge, and then Gawain interrupt the King just before he is able to do so, as opposed to the rash Caradoc who leaps forth to take up the challenge immediately. As Benson writes, by making this change from the source, Gawain â€Å"is thus no longer a free agent.† As demonstrated even by the seating in the hall , it is inevitable that Gawain should take the place of King Arthur, since for King Arthur to take the challenge is â€Å"not semly†(l. 348), and since Gawain is the second after his uncle. Gawain, introduced in the poem as â€Å"gode Gawan†(l. 109), and it is precisely on the reputation of Arthur’s knights that theShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Gre en Knight, written by an anonymous author, are both sophisticated fourteenth-century examples of medieval romance. Medieval romances captured the heart of their audiences as narratives and stories that featured a protagonist, often a knight, and dealt with religious allegories, chivalry, courtly love, and heroic epics. The concept of the knight emerged from the remnants of the Anglo-saxon literature and ideals and influence of theRead MoreRealism And Romance Coexistence By Charlotte Griffiths Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pages Realism and Romance Coexistence Charlotte Griffiths S00902011 Regent’s University London English Literature: Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature ENL401.R_T1 George Yeats 24 October 2016 Get rid of titles for each section to create natural flow in essays Introduction In both literature and art, realism usually expresses a message in a way that depicts situations in a real way while romanticism explains messages by utilizing fiction. RomanticismRead MoreThe Audience, the Pentagle and the Green Sash in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Green Sash in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Works Cited Missing Although some early manuscripts of the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight still exist, nothing, beyond speculation, is known about the poet, which is a pity when considering its rich language and imagery. Believed to have been written between 1375 and 1400, and some 2500 lines long, the unknown poet blent a unique mixture of chivalry, the Beheading Game and the temptation of a knight called Sir GawainRead MoreThe Periodization of the History of Western Europe1669 Words   |  7 PagesEast (Delanty 17). In the Late Middle Ages, the Little Ice Age, the great famine and Black Death wiped out 40-50% of the population, and perhaps more in some areas. In addition, the invention of gunpowder and firearms reduced the influence of the knights and the code of chivalry, while social, religious and political crises like the peasant revolts, the Great Schism and Babylonian Captivity challenged the power of the nobility and Catholic Church. Historians have studied the Late Middle Ages far moreRead MoreHistory of British Literature3343 Words   |  14 Pagescent. the  romance, an important continental narrative verse form, was introduced in England. It drew from three rich sources of character and adventure: the legends of Charlemagne, the legends of ancient Greece and Rome, and the British legends of King Arthur and the Knig hts of the Round Table.  Layamons  Brut, a late 13th-century metrical romance (a translation from the French), marks the first appearance of Arthurian matter in English (see  Arthurian legend). Original English romances based uponRead MoreThe History And Culture Of English Literature1979 Words   |  8 Pages(drawn from the French Romance language), culture and literature take shape. This period starts with the Norman invasion in 1066, where we learn of a woman in the federal aristocracy, marriage viewed as a political act and the introduction of courtly love. It is mysticism and magic that plays a role in the analysis of ideas and stories of the Catholic belief during the Middle English Period which is evident in the literary works of Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. A historically non-ChristianRead MoreEssay on Chivalry2466 Words   |  10 PagesChivalry Chivalry, as defined by Encyclopedia Americana is a system of values and ideals of conduct held by knights in medieval Europe. In its institutional form, chivalry was an informal, international order to which many, but not all, of the ruling class (nobility) belonged. The word is derived from the Latin caballus (horse) through the French chevalier (â€Å"horseman† or knight). Chivalry was born from Feudalism in the late middle ages introducing a new, feminine point of view stressing virtueRead MoreMedieval Poetry3509 Words   |  15 Pagesparticularly from the 11th century onward in France and southern Europe. Stories and poems of courtly love — a refined and noble expression of love between two people who were usually not married — were popular in this region. Elements of these tales of romance entered the heroic epics as well, resulting in love stories such as the tale of Lancelot and Guinevere. Medieval literature also contained a strong strain of humor. Comic songs and poems were popular, and works such as Geoffrey  Chaucers  Canterbury

The Many Beneficial Effects of Adopting a Pet Free Essays

The Many Beneficial Effects of Adopting a Pet Adopting a pet is advantageous to both the pet owner and the pet. When considering the pros and cons of welcoming a furry friend into the family, many are unaware of the fringe benefits that are gained from having a pet. These benefits are not Just one sided either – both the pet and the owner gain by the association. We will write a custom essay sample on The Many Beneficial Effects of Adopting a Pet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Besides having an affectionate pal, pet owners experience healthful side effects as a result of their relationship. For adopted animals, the most significant endorsement is much more basic and often overlooked: life. Still, many people are hesitant to take n the responsibility of a pet for various different reasons. We recently decided to make room in our household for a new resident. Having weathered the death of our 14 year old terrier Hercules, we wanted adopt another pet. Prior to arriving at that decision, we did some research to determine what type of animal would best fit into our home, which includes two cats. Of the many choices available to us, we finally settled on adopting another cat from a shelter. Here are my top compelling reasons to own a cat from a local humane organization. It comes as no surprise that each year millions of animals enter shelters and a igh percentage are put to sleep due to overpopulation (Salk, 2013). Pet adoptions from non-profit organizations, shelters or humane societies drastically reduce the necessity to euthanize these displaced animals and provide them with safe, loving homes. Adoption also creates an opportunity for new animals to receive help by freeing up space and resources. In addition to adoption, many humane organizations offer vaccinations, micro chips for tracking and spay or neuter services. There is a common misconception that animals in shelters are there because of behavioral or temperament issues. The reality is that most shelter animals are abandoned for reasons such as divorce, relocation, or financial constraints (Salk, 2013), making their situation all the more heart wrenching. Providing a healthy, loving environment is most certainly a wonderful gift to a homeless animal. And while the advantage to the animal is obvious, owners also receive unsought personal benefits. Pets are faithful friends that offer unconditional love and companionship. They keep secrets, aren’t Judgmental and simply bloom when shown attention. Cats in particular adore snuggling and appear to be the happiest when in the presence of heir owner. Historically, cats have been characterized as solitary creatures, given to â€Å"diva† personality traits and snooty dispositions. While this might accurately describe the temperament of a few, cats are most commonly known for being loving, playful and inquisitive. It’s not unusual for my cat to follow me around the house as I complete chores, watch TV with me or wait patiently outside the door for my re- emergence from the bathroom. As an only child, many times I found myself with the family cat as my only companion. Though it was sometimes quiet, I never felt alone. When I moved into my first apartment, a cat proved to be the best option for my situation. Cats are the pertect pet tor apartment dwellers due in part to their relatively small size. Unlike dogs, cats are quiet – no raucous barking or whining to annoy the neighbors. They require only small amounts of food for survival and do not need to engage in long sessions of strenuous play for exercise. This makes them a budget friendly, low maintenance pet option. Additionally, cats are independent creatures that typically sleep the majority of the day, making them self-sufficient and very easy o maintain. Unlike many pets, cats require little input from their owner. For entertainment, simply give a cat a ball of yarn and he or she will be quite content to pass the time rolling around on the floor playing. Other playthings, such as cat nip laced balls or feather toys not only provide amusement but have the added advantage of providing active cats with exercise. Window sills afford cats the enjoyable opportunity to engage in favorite pastimes such as observing the outside world or soaking up the sun while napping. The low upkeep required for a cat is particularly convenient for hose with busy schedules or limited space. Another time saver is the fact that cats need little training. This is especially helpful when it comes to the potty. While training some animals to use the bathroom can be a time intensive labor of love, cats are quite intelligent and require very little direction. Show a cat the location of the litter box and essentially you’re done. Cats are very persnickety about their hygiene and environment; therefore, if the litter box is scooped regularly, there are usually no potty accidents to address. Fastidious creatures, cats are incredibly lean animals and spend hours a day grooming themselves. This behavior is intuitive, much like their ability as hunters. Cats are great contributors to the household and earn their keep. Excellent hunters, cats can often be seen relentlessly chasing a fly or mosquito around the house. Spiders, mice, frogs and other small beasties, all fall prey to playful yet determined cats. Having a cat in residence growing up, we never had to purchase traps or other devices to maintain a vermin free household. While being a hunter is an important aspect of their personalities, cats also provide actual health benefits to heir owners. Studies have shown that pet owners receive quantifiable health benefits directly attributable to their pet. Pets are known to lower blood pressure (Sweat, 2013), reduce stress and even strengthen the immune system (Nazario, 2012). Cats are intuitive and sense the emotional state of their owners. It’s been my personal experience that when I’m ill, my cat will not leave my side until I’m better. Loyal companions in sickness and in health, cats can be counted on to provide quiet support, sympathy and affection to assist their caretakers in overcoming depression or other melancholy moods (Sweat, 2013). Did you know that having a special buddy around even helps to alleviate loneliness? With so many upsides, who wouldn’t want a pet? There are countless reasons to own a pet in general and a cat in particular. Cats are the ideal pet for any circumstance, whether living in a house or in the small confines of an apartment. Cats are low maintenance, clean, intelligent and make wonderful friends for all ages. As with any animal, there is no greater expression of love then to offer them a safe haven. To homeless animals, adoption means the difference between life and death. In return, you get a friend for life and improved health. My cats are more than pets – they are my family.    How to cite The Many Beneficial Effects of Adopting a Pet, Papers

English proficiency free essay sample

Second language anxiety In formal researches, foreign language anxiety has clearly been shown to have a negative effect on performance in the foreign language classroom (Aid, 1994; Hurwitz, Hurwitz, Cope, 1986; McIntyre Gardner, 1991). However, Sparks and Swansong (1991) have argued to the contrary that, rather than affective factors such as motivation, anxiety or attitude, and foreign language learning are affected by the native language factors.Sparks, Swansong and Savory (2000) contend that some sort of cognitive handicap is the cause of both low proficiency in a second language LO hereafter) and the accompanying anxiety. Anxiety in Speaking Public speaking anxiety is very common among both universities students and also the general population. It is a feeling of panic associated with physical sensations that are all too painfully familiar to those affected such as increased heart and breathing rates, increased adrenaline, over-rapid reactions, and a tension in the shoulder and neck area. Almost 20% of university students face the problem of public speaking anxiety (McCracken, 1977). We will write a custom essay sample on English proficiency or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also defined anxiety In broad-based as an individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. The apprehension of speaking before a group of individuals remains a problem In the twenty-first century.According to Cracking (2004), the fear of delivering a speech or a presentation ranks as the number one fear among most people, Including students as well as adults from many diverse backgrounds. Ares, Hop and Peterson (2000) referred communication or speaking anxiety related with the delivering of speech or the fear or anxiety associated with anticipating the delivery of a speech.

6 Tips for Briefing your Book Designer

6 Tips for Briefing your Book Designer 6 Tips for Briefing your Book Designer Last week, we revealed through a survey on social networks how much importance indie authors place on working with a professional book designer for their covers. After all, big part of the what makes self-publishing so attractive is that authors retain all creative freedom over their work. This means it is up to you, and you only, to choose your cover designer and brief them properly.As in any other creative business relationship, the briefing process is the most important part of the collaboration. A good brief will save you and your book designer both time and money. To help you refine your future design briefs, we’ve asked some of our brilliant designers on Reedsy what their main advice is for authors. Here are their answers!1- Know your audienceYour cover design will be your most powerful marketing tool. It will influence your discoverability as well as your buyer-to-reader conversion. Therefore, it must follow the #1 rule in marketing: know your target market and focus on them.â€Å"Different colors and fonts appeal to different readers. Different genres have different looks that you would want to utilize in your cover. Marketing to everyone is the same thing as marketing to no one. Your cover design should be a marketing tool to find readers who will like your book†. - Ellie Bockert Augsburger2. Give the designer an idea of your tastes and expectations 6. CommunicateThis might sound obvious, but communication is the best way to speed up the process and make sure you end up with the perfect book cover. This doesn’t just mean briefing your book designer accordingly, it also means staying in touch, giving feedback on the early comps and sharing ideas as they come along.â€Å"The #1 way to avoid miscommunications in the design process is to speak in person†, says designer Brian LaRossa. â€Å"If that is not an option- which is often the case- a video chat or phone call is still much better than an email.†If you don’t know much about the design process and are unsure about what your artist wants or needs, just follow the tips above and let them take the lead. After all, as Michael Kellner puts it: â€Å"experienced designers will know what questions to ask an author about their book: it’s subject, themes and spirit. It’s style, plot and characters. Where the story takes place, and so on.† If you trust your book designer, communication will be easy.Click the following links to learn more about professional book cover design, illustration, or book layout design on Reedsy.

George Orwell and Animal Farm A Critical Analysis

George Orwell and Animal Farm A Critical Analysis George Orwell is one of the most celebrated English writers in the 20th century (George 1). Orwell’s literature is committed to telling the blatant truth about the violation of people’s freedom and the injustices against the common person (Dedria and Hall 479). Such phrases from his works such as â€Å"some animals are more equal than others† have become so popular especially in political dialogues and has shaped peoples opinions regarding the kind of society we live in (Kerala 36).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on George Orwell and Animal Farm: A Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More George Orwell was born as Eric Arthur Blair in India in 1903, where his British father worked as a civil servant. He had gone to school like any other normal child and graduated at Eaton. He worked in the Burma police force and later unsuccessfully tired his hand in a few business ventures but failed. He left for Spain where signed to fight in the Civil War. His experience at the civil war de-motivated his views abut communalism so much that he decided to live a life of voluntary poverty (Dedria and Hall 479) . This was a deliberate effort to â€Å"experience want and the suffering of the oppressed.† He wanted to feel how poor people fell to help in shaping his own theories on socialism. At this time, he had changed his name to P.S. Burton. His first novel Down and out in Paris was published as a response to his life in voluntary poverty. This was soon followed by Burmese Days and several other essays that questioned the capitalist state. His best novel so far is The Road to Wigan Pier which was published in 1937. It highlighted the pathetic life of the poor. By this time, he had started gaining prominence as a writer and his works were starting to draw attention. He continued his writing with such other publications as Keep Aspidistra Flying and Coming up for Air followed in 1936 and 1939 respectively. His novel The Animal Farm is his most popular. It is a satirical piece that portrays a society that fully embraces totalitarian rules, much to the chagrin of those who want â€Å"individual freedom† (Kerala 36). All of George Orwell’s novels seem to defend one main theme: socialism. Socialism is a means of production whereby everything is owned communally or by the government. Every one has equal opportunities to everything. The kind of socialism that George Orwell’s socialism advocates for has real life significance as it portrays â€Å"revolutionary idealism experienced in Russia and other countries which was betrayed by the revolutionaries themselves, who continue to pat lip service to revolutionary ideas† (Pierce para 6). His novel then Animal Farm brilliantly employs satire in highlighting shameless betrayal by leaders who promised change (Dedria and Sharon 479). Orwell continues to portray authoritarianism as an enemy to individual freedoms.Advertising Looking for critical writing on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There were concerted efforts to bring in a revolution that would save the people but always the new leaders upon tasting power, would betray this revolution. The new leaders would start to dictate what the same people whom they were fighting to save would do, or not do. Such betrayal was the end of socialism in the 20th century. In this light, this paper will analyze one of his prized novels The Animal Farm. The story begins in Mr. Jones’ farmhouse one night. Old major, a fatherly and respected pig, gathers the animals and informs them that they had endured deplorable conditions for a long period under the leadership of human beings and therefore a rebellion was necessary. Unfortunately, Old Major succumbs to old age. This leaves the other pigs to lead the fights for animal rights (D arell Para 1). Two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball lead a successful revolution and after Mr. Jones and his family is driven out, Manor Farm is renamed The Animal Farm (para 2). Other farm owners try to attack the Animal Farm but Snowball lead a successful defense in the battle of the Cowshed and gains much worship amongst the animals (para 4). This is the beginning of his downfall. False rumors are spread by Squealer about him and when the conflict heightens he chased off the farm by Napoleons’ guard dogs (para 6). Squealer is adopted as Napoleons spokes animal, and proposes the construction of a windmill, an idea that Napoleon takes credit for. Unfortunately the windmill is destroyed in a storm but Napoleon blames Snowball and sentences him to death, together with his sympathizers (para 6). Napoleon and the other pigs begin engaging in anti animalism behavior, such as doing business with men and drinking whiskey. To add to this, the food rations to other animals are reduced sig nificantly (para 6). To concur with his message that new and old leadership is alike; pigs begin to walk on two feet just like humans. They also start claiming, â€Å"All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.† The novel culminates in the farm being renamed The Animal Farm while napoleon and other pigs initiate friendship with the human owners of the neighboring farm, and they become just like humans (para 8). It portrays the betrayal of the initial comradeship, and the pessimism of revolutionary movements (Hall and Poupard 348). George Orwell creates characters carefully to fit in the roles that he needs them to play. Some characters play a major role in this novel. Mr. Jones is a tyrant who represents the old corrupt order. In the real world George Orwell model 20th century dictators such as Stalin in Mr. Jones (Novelguide para 1). Snowball and Napoleon are the two pigs who lead a successful revolution. They were ambitious of leadership and courageou sly fought Mr. Jones out of the farm (NovelGuide para 7-12). The pigs are symbolic of the calculating leaders who benefit from tyrannical leadership. They are opportunists who do not spare any chance afforded to them to exploit their advantaged position in the society (Hall and Poupard, 348).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on George Orwell and Animal Farm: A Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Squealer is Napoleons manipulative tool in the farm. The dogs are a symbol security only that this security is used negatively. They are also another group of loyalist who are misused by the system to gain advantage over the common person (NovelGuide para 20- 22). However, other characters only play minor roles. Old major represents the good father figure in the society who can be relied upon to give concrete advice. He is respected by other animals who take to his advice without question (NovelGuide pa ra 4). Boxer and Clover in contrast are dedicated workers who spent all their life serving the society (They are also foolishly gullible in that they believe in all the propaganda spread by Squealer who is a â€Å"manipulative and persuasive figure† (Hall and Poupard 348). Just like Squealer, Moses is another manipulative and cunning character in the novel (NovelGuide para 7, 8; 13, 14). Benjamin is an enigmatic character who continues to do his work without care of what is happening (NovelGuide para 17). The Animal Farm is a classic example of how governments exploit and deny citizens of their basic rights. At the beginning of the novel, the animals are united under the banner of exploitation by Mr. Jones. They manage to fight and install their own leaders in Napoleon. However, Napoleon turns to be worse that Mr. Jones and â€Å"perverts the first commandments he helped make† (Pierce para 7). For example, he reduced food rations for the other animals other than the fe llow pigs. Some animals as Boxer worked so hard, believing in their leaders but instead of being rewarded, were exploited for the benefit of the same leaders they served (Grade saver para 15-17). These governments use totalitarian rules, to stay in power and subvert justice. The pigs lead a revolution against Mr. Jones totalitarian rule, but ends up worse. They not only â€Å"end up in Mr. Jones House and position but also in his clothes.† Some critics have used this evidence to explain that The Animal Farm is another successful attempt by the society to kill dissent (Hall Poupard 349). Propaganda is also used to intimidate those who question the abuse of human rights. Napoleon manipulates information and deceives the animals when he gains full power. He spreads false accusation against snowball leading to his expulsion from the farm. Squealer, Napoleons spokes animal, is the face of propaganda in this novel. He represents governments’ spokes people who are responsibl e of spreading rumors that help their government to gain a tighter grip on power (Grade saver para 9-11). As a last result, totalitarians use violence and terror, to silence the rebels. Its effect I that it makes people submit to such government. These who do not are either forcefully exiled or killed. Such excesses were practiced against Snowball and his sympathizers. Terror can also be propagated through propaganda. Squealer instills fear into anyone who tries to question napoleons unethical conduct, with Mr. Jones return (Grade saver para 12-14). Another major theme highlighted with importance is Education. Unfortunately, it is present in a very negative light. In its essence education is supposed to enlighten people. However in this novel, those in power â€Å"manipulate those that are governed† by the use of education.Advertising Looking for critical writing on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Take the case of the pigs as an example. They realize the intellectual vulnerability of the other animals and take advantage of it by manipulating the seven commandments to their advantage. Napoleon also uses education negatively when he teaches new pigs his oppressive doctrines (Grade saver para 7, 8). This mis-education cast the other animals deeper into oppression. In conclusion, George Orwell manages to highlight the fact that the biggest political problem is not capitalism but authoritarian rules. Whether under capitalism of socialism authoritarianism is inevitable this is because of the insatiable nature of human beings. The novel The Animal Farm will continue to be relevant for eons to come it. It explicitly portrays the â€Å"class struggles and exploitation in the human society† (Hall Poupard, 348). New leaders, like Napoleon, who assume power on the platform of change, abandon the idea as soon as they come to power. Most of them end up being worse of than the ones they replaced. They are just turn coat revolutionaries who take advantage of people’s naà ¯vetà © to fulfill their selfish personal ambition. Because of the effect his works have achieve he one of the best authors in the 20th century. Darrell, Victor. Plot Summary: Animal Farm, by George Orwell. N. d. Web. Dedria, Bryfonski Hall, Sharon.Twentieth century literary criticism: George Orwell. Michigan: Book Tower. 1979. Print. â€Å"Grade saver.† Animal Farm Themes. 2010. Web. Hall, Sharon Poupard, Dennis. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Michigan: Book Tower,1982. Print. Kerala, Calling. From Eric Blair to George Orwell, Biography. London: Sage, 2003. Print. â€Å"NovelGuide.† Novel Analysis: Animal Farm, Characterization. 2010. Web. Pearce, Robert. ‘Orwell, Tolstoy, and Animal Farm. The Review of English Studies, 1998. Web. Storgaard, Claus. Opinion Essays : George Orwell, Socialist, Anarchist or  what? 2004. Web.

Modern Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Economics - Essay Example The basic assumptions of both of these models is that even if a country can produce goods at a cheaper cost than another country, the most effective means of production will be to concentrate on the goods they produce to the greatest advantage. The understanding is that by exporting these goods and importing goods that are the key product of other countries the nation will gain its greatest productive wealth. One of the most recent remedies of this situation is New Trade Theory. This theoretical perspective shifts the focus from the comparative advantage paradigm to one more internally focused. While comparative advantage largely neglected nascent industries in favour of established industries of greatest advantage, new trade theory considers the importance of establishing networks or clusters among industries. Through this process the country is encouraged to impose tariffs as a means of allowing emerging clusters of industries to grow, as the understanding is that these clusters wi ll ultimately lead to a significant competitive advantage. The notion of free trade has long been a notion that has sounded good among individuals, but when considered both in practice and theory has a number of prominent drawbacks. Indeed, there are a number of arguments justifying exceptions to free trade. As noted above the establishment of nascent industries oftentimes necessitates tariffs be implemented. Another reason against free trade is the general support of industry in the country, as tariffs protect against foreign competition.

Project Budgeting and Scheduling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Budgeting and Scheduling - Essay Example PPP/PFI basically works like any other project whose construction costs are borne by another party, completed and handed over to the client, only on a very large scale. In case of failure in the design structure, non-compliance with the project particulars, etc. the risk is assumed by the financing party. This project risk transfer method is seen as an extension of outsourcing and privatization. However, it is different from privatization because the private entity hands over the project to the government after completion and the government runs it as state owned facility/site. PPP/PFI differs from conventional procurement because the total payment is not made by the government after the completion of the project. It is paid over the course of time and several years of operations. This facilitates both the public and the private sector, because eth public sector does not have to make the payment and thus the cost is spread over a number of years. The risk of project failure is transf erred to the private entity responsible for the project. ... This is because the element of risk transfer also adds to the government’s borrowing costs. At its completion if the project is successful, the private sector gets to enjoy super normal profits at the expense of the government and the mass public in general due to taxation levied to pay off the debt. Thus, in order for the success of a PFI funded project to be deemed successful, it is imperative that the benefits derived from the project can be valued to be more than the borrowing cost (Ismail, 2011). PPP/PFI in UK The government of UK introduced PFI in the year 1992 (Wilson and Game, 2002). Even though the practice had been already implemented by countries like Australia previously, the UK gave it a more solid framework by specifying policies that would govern such financing practices of the government. Implementing the PFI practice at large for capital investments allowed the UK to hone it into an ideal framework that could be taken as benchmarks by the other governments of the world. Not long after it had this system running, the National Audit Office in the UK demanded that even though there was no question of its effectiveness, this procurement transaction had to be shown in the governments’ financials and a much hyped controversy emerged regarding which accounting head it should be put under and the accounting that it was to imply. It was however decided that the future payments for the PFI during the concession period should be taken into account for budgeting for the years to come, leading to effective assessments that can be reflected in the budget. The terms PPP/PFI are used interchangeably all over the world but PFI gives a clearer picture to the concept. During the credit crisis of 2008, many private

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

Journal - Essay Example These skills not only prove to be useful in one’s career but also in one’s daily life. For example, one of the skills you develop is delegating work to your subordinates. If you are the kind of person who wants everything perfect then this maybe a bit difficult because other people in your view can never perform that job in the same way that you can. But what delegation does is that it saves you a lot of time and that time can be spent on other more important things rather than paying too much attention on petty details. But this is not as simple as it sounds. Delegation simply does not work itself many a times especially in the context of student societies when the students are working for free without any monetary incentive. What this situation requires is a mix of charisma and knowledge of as to how to motivate your subordinates. Your personality should have strong communication skills and if you are delegating a difficult task to your subordinate then you need to ex plain to him what intrinsic value he can derive from that work when there is no apparent monetary benefit. These are some of the skills that you can always integrate in your office life and in your daily life. For instance the experience that I gained at university in the student society can easily be utilized in arranging a grand family reunion or a wedding in the family. There are many parts of my story which serve as a source of wisdom and knowledge for me in an optimistic way. For instance being the president of a student society means that you have to deal with the responsibility of the society as well as the pressure of your studies and maintaining your social life. This sometimes creates a lot of stress and time management issues. But when you look back at that time after a few years, you realize that the skills gained back then are proving to be mighty useful. Some

Is Globalisation A Good Thing For Development Politics Essay

Is Globalisation A Good Thing For Development Politics Essay Globalization: Developmental Boon or Bane? Years ago, globalization was the curious buzzword which was viewed with much optimism by much of the world, including the poor and underdeveloped nations. The merging of the worlds economies promised great opportunities for growth and development especially for Third World economies. Today, there are two prevailing sentiments on globalization: either that globalization has resulted to prosperity for the poor nations or that it has resulted to the prosperity of the rich at expense of the worlds poor (Irogbe, 2005). This paper posits that while globalization have provided a range of benefits for underdeveloped nations, the wheels of globalization has led to the deterioration of national economies, marginalization of the South, cultural homogenization, and intensified international migration. Main Features of Globalization Globalization is a complex process which has many facets: economic, political and cultural. To understand this more concretely, discussed are the main features of globalization from the perspective of the developing world and how it is concretely manifested. Looking at globalization from a Third World lens is crucial to our understanding of it (Yotopoulous Romano, 2007). This is because, when viewed from the perspective of the First World, it is easy to appreciate the obvious benefits of globalization. For instance, globalization has enabled Americans to get hold of a wide range of products and services from all over the world. The margining of the worlds economies have allowed us to enjoy goods previously inaccessible to us because of high cost: for instance, fruits such as pineapples, bananas, and mangoes that is not homegrown in the United States. We can listen to world music, Africa, Jamaican, Latin American, and Arabic rhythms through our iPod all day long. What is not clearly visible to us is how the wheels of globalization impact the farmer in Southeast Asia, the coffee growers in Latin America, and the agricultural workers in Africa. Economic integration While faster interconnected through advanced technology and transportation is the most popular idea about globalization, globalization is a fundamentally economic phenomenon. The economic promise of free trade and free competition was supposedly designed to help Third World economies to gain market access previously impossible to penetrate (Lechner Boli, 2004). This has been true. Underdeveloped countries have been able to export their local products to developed markets unlike in the past (Sen, 2000). However, the bigger picture suggests because of the inherent asymmetries of the worlds economies, globalization also leads to asymmetrical development benefitting the rich countries more than the poor (Yotopoulous Romano, 2007). Economic integration through the merging of the global economies takes on three primary forms: liberalization, privatization, and deregulation (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). Liberalization is the downgrading of the social goals of national development, combined with the upgrading of participation in the world market (McMichael, 2004, p. 158). This is achieved by reducing and eventually removing the barriers to flow of goods, capital, and services among countries, e.g. the removal of tariffs on agricultural products such as corn, rice, or beef. Deregulation means the reduction of the reduction of the role of governments in regulating trade and production and in providing services (Yotopoulos Romano, 2007). It adheres to the belief that the market is the most efficient and effective determinant of what should be produced and what would be consumed. Privatization in its purest sense means divestiture of state-owned enterprises or SOEs (McMichael, 2004). What used to be an ideological battl e between big government/welfare states and more marketless state has moved into the mainstream economic development debate under the guise of sound economic management and good governance (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000, p. 45). A deregulated market freed from the visible hand of government is the most efficient, less burdensome system that will result in economic progress through foreign investments, so goes the argument. Economic pragmatism and expediency are the main motives for privatizing today, driven mainly by balance-of-payment imperatives and the need to shift the burden of development from the public to the private sector (Leeds, 1990). To drive these three key strategies of economic globalization, two main institutions are responsible: the worlds transnational corporations (TNCs) and the triumvirate of public international financial institutions (Buckman, 2004). The global TNCs hold tremendous influence in global trade because it has control over investment, employment, and trading decisions which surpass the decision-making power of most developing countries. The triumvirate of the the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) act as a global overseer of the processes of economic globalization (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). In theory, the triumvirate could be held accountable by the worlds governments but in practice, it has become a major global bureaucracy wielding enormous, largely unaccountable influence (Buckman, 2004, p. 87). The global privatization network includes multilateral and bilateral lenders, large MNCs, merchant banks, stockbrokers, accounts and manageme nt consultants, legal firms, marketing, specialist consultants, and think tanks (Leeds, 1990). The TNCs control the lions share of the world trade. The strongest among them, act more cohesively, in close cooperation with their respective governments, to assault or defend markets (Bello, 1997, p. 5). Hence, globalization also means the most intense competition even among industrialized economies. For instance, the United Sates and the business interests it represents stands to gain the most from globalization, which is why it has tried to dominate both the GATT-WTO and the APEC (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). While imposing unilateral measures to protect its own market, the US is trying to prevent other countries from acting in the same way by invoking the principles of free trade. On another plane, many Northern governments, despite the neoliberal ideology of reducing the role of the state in economic matters, still heavily subsidize their agricultural products. These then become very ch eap and when dumped into the markets of developing countries, local products cannot compete. This explains why farmers in Chile, Latin America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia have experienced destruction of their local economies such as in textile, transport, and even agriculture (Bello, 1997; McMichael, 2004). Political marginalization Globalization has also resulted to the political asymmetries leading to the marginalization of the South. Globalization has proceeded under the premise that modernization is the key towards the genuine development of the Third World. However, the dependency theory of development suggests that modernization will only lead to increasing domination of the major world economic players to the detriment of the poor nations. The basic decisions in global trade are still influenced by the dominant countries, leaving dependent nations with few choices because the parameters have already been set by the former (Willis, 2005). It is in the South where globalization as a political process really reduces the role of the nation state in terms of deciding the direction of development through macro-economic policies. Parallel to this is the qualitative strengthening of the institutions of global economic governance (Bello, 1997, p. 8). The main mechanism for this has been the debt trap, whereby highly indebted countries are compelled to undergo structural adjustment programs (SAPs) in exchange for more loans. The SAPs comes in the benign form of development loans from the World Bank but with them come harsh conditions or impositions on the developing nations to abandon crucial social services and domestic programs that benefit their local population. SAPs include having governments abandon health services, education, and environmental programs which are not profitable and hence, cannot be used to replay World Bank and IMF loans and interest. Eventually, this leaves countries solely dependent on the market as we ll as pricing systems well beyond their control. Essentially, the political process of globalization renders countries powerless over the fate of their national economies (Bello, 1997). Cultural homogenization Globalization leads to a borderless world, one which erases political and geographical borders, essentially making countries operate and act similarly. As a consequence, culture is also gradually being erased as the development of a global culture emerges (Norberg, 2003). Because of globalization, local products, cultures, and services disappear into this global culture one that is shaped and defined by the worlds economic and political powers. Critics have referred to this phenomenon as the McDonaldization of the world (Buckman, 2004). Globalization has also penetrated the sphere of culture and ideology. Cultural influences from the North are transmitted through the media whose impact is intensified by the spread of television, the use of the World Wide Web, computer products, and other technologies (Cohen Kennedy, 2007). The process of cultural homogenization or the fashioning of one global culture is presently ongoing. Aside from creating an insipid culture, it has also forced people to redefine their lives to promote this global culture. In order to make Nike shoes, designer clothing, and computers, poor Filipino and Indonesia farmers are forced to abandon their way of life to provide these consumer goods (Irogbe, 2005). Moreover, the environment is being degraded in order to provide room for giant farms for TNCs and ancestral lands of the indigenous peoples of the world are being plundered by mining TNCs (Bello, 1997). While the Internet has provided wider democratic space and a venue for greater cultural exc hange, the increasing homogenization of culture through the Internet has also created greater insecurity (Cohen Kennedy, 2007). International migration Globalization also means the waves of migration in search of better earning opportunities. With the relative ease in transportation and communication, the number of international migrants has approached staggering levels (Lechner Boli, 2004). Aside from the migration of people, jobs have also been shipped off to Third World economies a contentious issue for First World nations because industries are slowly dying in the latter because business processes are outsources to countries like India, the Philippines, and China. This has created tensions among the workers of the First World countries (Bello, 1997). Moreover, an increasing concern of globalization is the globalization of the sex trade. Women and girls are being trafficked across national borders for the purpose of prostitution (Irogbe, 2005). Conclusion Globalization has several implications on the world and not all of them are negative. It has been an important engine of growth for many poor countries (Norberg, 2003; Sen, 2000). Access to trade and foreign markets, more democratic structures of communication through technology, are some of its benefits. Nonetheless, as a result of intense competition of the economies and the inherently asymmetrical political and economic conditions of countries, the economic development now rest on the decision-making powers of a few nations, leaving poor countries dependent.

The Hardships Of A Teen Christian :: essays research papers

Teen Christians have to deal with a lot of pressures like when at school, because when a Christian teen does talk about what they believe in they are mock or criticized. And when the fact that when a teen does believe in Jesus it causes them to lose friends so that causes teens to not want to be with god, or talk about it because of what there friends will think and do to them. Their friends want them to go out to parties where there are drugs, alcohol, sex, and violence. And if a teen has just recently become a Christian and was living life like that then they have to deal with harder problems like facing there problems a different way. And when you go from living bad to doing good you really have a problem trying to figure yourself out, teens feel really confused in what is right and what they should do. Teens reflect a culture all of there own within American society. The language that they speak, music that they listen to, and many aspects of their lives differ from that of past generations. Therefore, many people of older generations tend to make judgments and assumptions about teenagers. These assumptions are typically based on the manner in which teenagers speak, dress, and present themselves. Because of these generalizations, faith of many teens is commonly overlooked. In a society where violence seems to be accepted and many teens are lost about whom they are faith can be the one bond interlining a group of many. Our laws say you can’t talk or teach Christianity in our schools but they can’t figure out why there is all this violence and school shootings. Even if it was just a little something about Jesus it would help show people that there are better things in life, like life after death. I think that we should bring back teachings of religion in our schools so that teens mite see that there is a better things then violence and you don’t need drugs, and stuff to make u feel better. I think that there is a slight chance that if we did have religion in our schools that it would make them a better place to learn not so many problems.